The gene regulation function (GRF) provides an operational description of a promoter behavior as a function of the concentration of one of its transcriptional regulators. Behind this apparently trivial definition lies a central concept in biological control: the GRF provides the input/output relationship of each edge in a transcriptional network, independently from the molecular interactions involved. Here we discuss how existing methods allow direct measurement of the GRF, and how several trade‐offs between scalability and accuracy have hindered its application to (...) relatively large networks. We discuss the theoretical and technical requirements for obtaining the GRF. Based on these requirements, we introduce a simplified and easily scalable method that is able to capture the significant parameters of the GRF. The GRF is able to predict the behavior of a simple genetic circuit, illustrating how addressing the quantitative nature of gene regulation substantially increases our comprehension on the mechanisms of gene control. (shrink)

La vida de sor juana inés de la cruz, su pensamiento ligado a la poesía, al encuentro con los mitos. leída por teólogos, por filósofos y poetas, parece haber superado las fronteras del lenguaje, las fronteras de la simple fe; este texto intenta entender la condición mística de su pensamiento.

El objetivo de la investigación fue realizar un análisis de la capacidad de empatía en 178 adolescentes de 14 a 17 años que cursan el último ciclo de Educación Básica Regular. Se aplicó el diseño convergente. En la primera etapa, se aplicó una lista de cotejo, y en la segunda, una entrevista semiestructurada. El estudio de tipo transeccional sincrónico-descriptivo, permitió reportar que el adolescente, durante la pandemia, es empático, consciente de la posibilidad de infectarse, cree que su cuidado y autoprotección (...) impedirán que se infecte, sufre con el dolor de los otros a quienes los acompaña. (shrink)

El duelo es un proceso psicológico duro de sobrellevar ante la muerte por la aparición del Covid-19 en el Perú. Cuando las personas infectadas morían a consecuencia de la infección, eran incineradas por cuenta del hospital, y a los familiares se les entregaba una caja pequeña en la que se les decía que estaban las cenizas de su difunto. Las entrevistas realizadas a niños de 11 años de edad, padres de familia y psicólogos de hospitales; revelaron cuadros de ansiedad o (...) angustia, debido al temor generalizado. Los factores de protección social y escolar fueron poco sostenibles para sobrellevar la pena. (shrink)

La formación docente es indispensable para responder a los requerimientos de la compleja sociedad actual. De su conocimiento, iniciativa, praxis y creatividad depende el éxito o el fracaso del sujeto que aprende. Al modificar el rol del docente se transforma la actitud de los estudiantes. ¿Cómo entender la formación filosófica transdisciplinar? Este texto responde a este y otros cuestionamientos: ¿cuáles son los planteamientos pedagógicos afines a la era digital? ¿en qué medida las TIC se encuentran al servicio de una filosofía (...) educativa transdisciplinar?, ¿cómo se explica ese enfoque en la formación del docente?, ¿cuál es la función de la formación en la innovación educativa?, ¿cómo formar para la ciudadanía mundial?, ¿cuáles son las contribuciones de las nuevas ciencias para la formación educativa? El crecimiento exponencial de la ciencia y de la tecnología nos obliga a pensar en procesos formativos innovadores. En tal sentido, resulta imprescindible el estudio de estas problemáticas. (shrink)

To survive and be successful in today's setting of globalisation and complexity, companies are obliged to think in wider strategic terms, developing active and enterprising strategies that include social, political and ecological elements, besides the economic ones. The analysis of the relationship between companies and society is especially interesting when these companies operate in international markets. Countries demand that large corporations contribute to local, regional and national development in such a way that their resources are exchanged for a significant increase (...) in their citizens' quality of life. Faced with that fact, the aim of this work is to establish what actions the subsidiaries will take in order to offer a response to the needs of their stakeholders in the host countries. Secondly, we attempt to identify the factors explaining the different levels of social response of the subsidiaries established in a particular country by different parent companies. The empirical study was carried out on a sample of Spanish subsidiaries in the two manufacturing industries with most foreign investment (the chemical and automobile industries) and the results obtained both confirmed the validity of the tool used to measure social response and permitted us to determine which factors influence the institutionalisation of social responsiveness. (shrink)

We study conditions for a topological space to be metrizable, properties of metrizable spaces, and the role the axiom of choice plays in these matters.

This is a continuation of [2]. We study the Tychonoff Compactness Theorem for various definitions of compactness and for various types of spaces . We also study well ordered Tychonoff products and the effect that the multiple choice axiom has on such products.

Breves notas sobre los estudios de la germanística en Cuba.

La religiosidad popular es una de las manifestaciones más patentes en la cultura de los pueblos y una importante y recurrente forma de expresión del patrimonio cultural intangible. Se transforma y evoluciona a la par del desarrollo social y juega un importante papel en la trasmisión de conocimientos culturales. Es a su vez un cardinal instrumento didáctico en la enseñanza de la historia y el patrimonio vinculado a ella. El objetivo del presente artículo es demostrar el valor educativo e importancia (...) del patrimonio cultural inmaterial, de la necesidad de su estudio, preservación y difusión de los exponentes materiales que le son inherentes, a través de un acontecimiento vinculado a la religiosidad popular, de gran significación y sin precedentes en la cultura matancera. (shrink)

A Meßkirch llegan los peregrinos. Forma parte del periplo de quien se encamina a este santuario de la filosofía, casi un ritual anual desaparecido el misterio de la primera vez, el transbordo entre diversos medios de locomoción y la incertidumbre ante los retrasos y la posibilidad de perder alguna de las conexiones, lo que implica quedarse en tierra de nadie, en un no man's land en medio de la Schwartzwald. Heidegger nace bajo el cielo de Meßkirch y bajo el cielo (...) de Meßkirch es enterrado. Su tumba, en el cementerio local, la preside una estrella, no la usual cruz: «Dirigirse hacia una estrella, sólo eso...». Hacia el cielo estrellado y desde la tierra de hierro se encaminan los pasos de los mortales buscando la inmortalidad de los divinos. Esa contra-oscilación, que es también ese camino que se recorre, constituye la cuaternidad (Geviert). ---- Pilgrims arrive at Meßkirch. The mystery of the first time, the transfer between different means of transport and the uncertainty of delays and the possibility of missing one of the connections, which means staying in no man's land in the middle of the Schwartzwald, is part of the journey of those who make their way to this sanctuary of philosophy, almost an annual ritual. Heidegger was born under the Meßkirch sky and buried under the Meßkirch sky. His grave in the local cemetery is presided over by a star, not the usual cross: ‘To turn towards a star, that's all...’. Towards the starry sky and from the iron earth the steps of mortals are directed in search of the immortality of the divine. This counter-oscillation, which is also the path that is travelled, constitutes the quaternity (Geviert). (shrink)

RESUMEN. Este artículo analiza el fenómeno de la exclusión financiera desde las coordenadas del concepto de subordiscriminación. De manera específica, analiza si el marco normativo europeo encaminado a garantizar el derecho al acceso de los servicios bancarios básicos contiene elementos que pueden conducir a la subordiscriminación, derivados de su ambigüedad y de los límites que impone. En primer lugar, ofrece una revisión de la literatura que aporta datos sobre la exclusión y la discriminación en este ámbito. En segundo lugar, analiza (...) la Directiva Europea de Cuentas de Pago 2014/92/UE. Finalmente, se detiene en el examen de la Comunicación Nº 10/1997, Ziad Ben Ahmed Habassi c. Dinamarca (CERD/C/54/D/10/1997) relativa a la denegación de préstamos bancarios a no ciudadanos. ABSTRACT. This article analyses the phenomenon of financial exclusion from the perspective of the concept of subordiscrimination. More specifically, it analyses whether the European regulatory framework aimed at ensuring this right contains elements that can lead to the discrimination, arising from its ambiguity and the limits it imposes. First, it presents a review of the literature that provides data on exclusion and discrimination. Second, it analyses the European Directive on Payment Accounts 2014/92/UE. Finally, it focuses on the examination of the Communication Nº 10/1997, Ziad Ben Ahmed Habassi c. Denmark (CERD/C/54/D/10/1997) concerning the refusal of bank loans to non-citizens. (shrink)

En este trabajo se estudia la intervención del Derecho en la comunidad. Se parte de una definición social de comunidad rechazando como tales aquellas que el Derecho llama comunidades pero no lo son socialmente. El Derecho interviene en las comunidades como la familia, pero lo hace pensando esencialmente en los individuos que la componen no en la comunidad social como tal. El diseño individualista del Derecho occidental vigente impide o, incluso, produce consecuencias no buscadas cuando el Derecho actúa sobre comunidades (...) sociales. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el concepto de responsabilidad y los procesos para su institucionalización promovidos por las universidades jesuitas subrayando su singularidad y valor frente a otros modelos y estrategias de responsabilidad social universitaria. Ese enfoque de responsabilidad está cimentado en una noción de justicia pensada en términos globales y fundada en la solidaridad, que pone de manifiesto la insuficiencia del enfoque de la responsabilidad como obligación. Su énfasis lo dirige hacia una responsabilidad política compartida que aspira (...) a la transformación de las injusticias estructurales. Este es uno de los rasgos propios de la Identidad y Misión de las universidades jesuitas. En el artículo se identifican los contornos de esa propuesta de responsabilidad encarnada en el ámbito social y se examina su carácter diferenciador frente a otras propuestas impulsadas desde las universidades para definir su compromiso con el entorno. (shrink)

Although the concept of _social value_ has been present in business literature for over a century, it lacks definitional consensus, is often imprecise, and has not been sufficiently theorized. With social value becoming more prevalent across business scholarship domains, the lack of conceptual clarity and consistency hampers substantive research progress. We conduct an integrative review of 288 articles drawn from 60 peer-reviewed journals covering a wide spectrum of business domains. We synthesize the review findings into a polythetic typology that identifies (...) five distinct approaches to understanding and managing social value in business. The proposed typology of social value organizes and consolidates the theoretical and conceptual heterogeneity of the social value concept providing much-needed clarity and structure for future research. It allows scholars to structure and unify various conceptualizations into a more holistic yet nuanced understanding, and the necessary (but currently lacking) clarity to enable new theorizing and guide future research. The proposed typology further offers new ways of thinking about social value and provides direction to managerial practice on the desirability and feasibility of implementing different social value approaches into firms’ core business operations and strategies. (shrink)

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer el diálogo entre la obra de Chillida y el pensamiento de Zambrano. A partir de la colaboración del escultor en 1989 en el Catálogo de la exposiciónhomenaje a María Zambrano, con motivo de la concesión del Premio Cervantes a la filósofa española, se presenta una concisa crónica a partir de las escasas pero significativas colaboraciones y referencias que existen sobre Chillida y Zambrano que arrojan cierta luz sobre la relación que existe entre (...) sus respectivos universos creativos. Con el objetivo de seguir la trama de este vínculo profundo entre ambos, se toma como referencia la estrecha relación que los dos mantuvieron con José Ángel Valente, tratando de mostrar la impronta que su amistad tuvo en la creación de ese hilo invisible que une a Chillida y Zambrano. (shrink)

This study offers a proposal about which competencies should be fostered in organizations to promote a culture in favor of sustainability in line with Pope Francis' encyclical letter Laudato Si. As a result, seven main competencies are proposed, with their interpretation in the light of the encyclical letter, and some suggestions on how to implement them in organizations are presented. The competencies are systemic vision, critical thinking, capacity for dialog, inclusion, proper use of goods, creativity, and spirituality. In addition, the (...) study offers a discussion of the relevance of these competencies in today's business context. This study offers a novelty with respect to other theoretical proposals on competencies for sustainability since it includes competencies that require an authentic concern for other people and for a vision of the human being open to transcendence, thus breaking with instrumentalism and technocratic paradigm that underlies other proposals. In this way, it also offers a new key to interpreting the integral ecology proposed by Pope Francis, which goes beyond other approaches to sustainability in that it includes not only the person–nature relationship but also the person–person and person–transcendence or person–God relationships. The conclusions of this theoretical research can be especially useful for those who intend to promote a culture of sustainability inspired by the Catholic Social Teaching, also making use of the knowledge and good practices of competency-based management. (shrink)

We study the Tychonoff Compactness Theorem for several different definitions of a compact space.

We study the relationships between definitions of compactness in topological spaces and the roll the axiom of choice plays in these relationships.

We investigate, within the framework of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory ZF, the interrelations between weak forms of the Axiom of Choice AC restricted to sets of reals.

Mediante un lenguaje paradojal, la obra de Miguel de Unamuno plantea de modo recurrente la cuestión de Dios, especialmente en el libro Del sentimiento trágico de la vida. Lo plantea bajo dos perspectivas: la del Dios pensado y la del Dios sentido. En ambos casos se trata de un Dios personal cuyo encuentro tiene lugar por vía de la intuición vivencial y el recogimiento. Se reconocen allí coincidencias con San Juan de la Cruz, y en general, con la mística (...) al privilegiar el sentimiento frente al entendimiento, la vivencia frente a la racionalidad. (shrink)

Despite the economic relevance and distinctiveness of family firms, little attention has been devoted to researching their nature and functioning. Traditionally, family firms have been associated both to positive and negative features in their relationships with the stakeholders. This can be linked to different orientations toward corporate social responsibility. Thus, this research aims to identify the approaches that Spanish family firms maintain about social responsibility, based on the model developed by Quazi and O' Brien Journal of Business Ethics 25, 33-51 (...) (2000). An empirical study carried out for 112 Spanish family firms gives support to our initial assumption about these organizations not being a homogeneous group in terms of their orientation towards corporate social responsibility. The differences in perceptions do not seem to be associated to biographical characteristics. These results lead to some relevant academic and practical implications that suggest interesting lines for future research. (shrink)

El presente artículo expone la crítica de Putnam sobre la noción de "referencia" en Fodor. Tal noción supone analizar el uso de condicionales contrafácticos y el uso de relaciones de dependencia asimétrica que realiza Fodor en Psico-semántica. De acuerdo con la concepción de Putnam, lo que se propone Fodor es naturalizar el discurso semántico-intencional; esto es, de lo que se trata es de ofrecer una reducción de la relación de referencia que no recurra a términos semántico-intencionales. Putnam concluye que no (...) es posible definir el léxico intencional en términos de un léxico no intencional porque el mero hecho de intentar tal reducción supone ya ejercitar un interés: la intención reductora. This article talks about the Putnam¿s critique to Fodor¿s reference notion. This notion means analysing counter factuals conditionals and the use of asymmetric dependence relations which Fodor translates into psycho semantic. According to Putnam¿s view, what Fodor¿s wants is to naturalize the semantic-intentional language. More precisely, Fodor offers a reduction of the reference relation that doesn¿t resort to semantic-intentional notions. Putnam concludes that it¿s not possible to define the intentional language in terms of a non intentional language because the simple fact of trying such a reduction implies the exercise of an intention: the reducer intention. (shrink)

The goal of this research is to analyze the heterogeneity of family firms in the normative attention to their non-family stakeholders. With this aim, we suggest that the psychological process of top family managers in terms of individual affective commitment to their firms is a key variable to explain that heterogeneity. However, we also suggest a moderator effect of the family stakeholder salience in the relationship between the managers' affective commitment to the firm and the establishment of firm goals toward (...) non-family stakeholders. The results of a hierarchical regression analysis on data obtained from 207 family executives show a significant positive influence of managers' affective commitment on the establishment of goals related both to internal and external non-family stakeholders. In addition, we can observe a negative moderator effect of the family utilitarian power—as an indicator of the family stakeholder salience—on the relationship between the family managers' affective commitment and the goals related to non-family employees. (shrink)

In this paper we defend structural representations, more specifically neural structural representation. We are not alone in this, many are currently engaged in this endeavor. The direction we take, however, diverges from the main road, a road paved by the mathematical theory of measure that, in the 1970s, established homomorphism as the way to map empirical domains of things in the world to the codomain of numbers. By adopting the mind as codomain, this mapping became a boon for all those (...) convinced that a representation system should bear similarities with what was being represented, but struggled to find a precise account of what such similarities mean. The euforia was brief, however, and soon homomorphism revealed itself to be affected by serious weaknesses, the primary one being that it included systems embarrassingly alien to representations. We find that the defense attempts that have followed, adopt strategies that share a common format: valid structural representations come as “homomorphism plus X”, with various “X”, provided in descriptive format only. Our alternative direction stems from the observation of the overlooked departure from homomorphism as used in the theory of measure and its later use in mental representations. In the former case, the codomain or the realm of numbers, is the most suited for developing theorems detailing the existence and uniqueness of homomorphism for a wide range of empirical domains. In the latter case, the codomain is the realm of the mind, possibly more vague and more ill-defined than the empirical domain itself. The time is ripe for articulating the mapping between represented domains and the mind in formal terms, by exploiting what is currently known about coding mechanisms in the brain. We provide a sketch of a possible development in this direction, one that adopts the theory of neural population coding as codomain. We will show that our framework is not only not in disagreement with the “plus X” proposals, but can lead to natural derivation of several of the “X”. (shrink)

Based on the literature on stakeholder management and family firm dynamics, this research analyses the relationship between three constructs: the identification of business families with their family firms, FFs’ orientation toward key non-family stakeholders, and the achievement of better economic performance. Data analyses from 374 family and non-family members of 173 Spanish FFs show that a high level of family identification with their firms affects the orientation of FFs toward key non-family stakeholders in setting corporate goals and that this orientation (...) will lead to higher economic performance only when it is built on family identification with the firm. Our results also show that the significance of both relationships changes with the degree of family involvement in the management of the FF. (shrink)

Gervain et al. discuss both behavioral and neurophysiological AGL studies that investigate rule and structure learning processes in infants. The paper provides an overview of all the major AGL paradigms used to date to investigate infant learning abilities at the level of morpho‐phonology and syntax from a very early age onwards. Gervain et al. also discuss the implications of the results for a general theory of natural language acquisition.

La filosofía moral de Adam Smith se fundamenta en el papel de la imaginación para explicar el orden social en un nivel macro, y como mecanismo de identificación afec tiva en un nivel micro. En ambos casos, el rol de la imaginación en nuestra psicología moral refuta la tesis de un _homo economicus_, o de que el ser humano está motiva do a entrar en sociedad por su interés personal. Esto sirve de premisa para refutar la posición hobbesiana de un (...) estado de naturaleza histórico que está en la base de nuestros juicios morales que fundan la sociedad civil y la necesidad del magistrado. (shrink)

Este estudio pretende demostrar el origen metodológico común del concepto de soberanía popular de Rousseau y Carl Schmitt, entendido como aquella autoridad política cuya legitimidad descansa en un principio democrático verdaderamente sustantivo. En primer lugar, se intentará probar cómo ambas obras serían la expresión de una común reacción al formalismo de una dogmática liberal que identifica metodológicamente la legalidad formal con la legitimidad política. Así, Rousseau critica un enunciado de la ley natural procedente de Locke que legitima la desigualdad social (...) y política y justifica el gobierno burgués de los propietarios y Schmitt cuestiona un positivismo jurídico cuyo normativismo habría ocultado el auténtico valor sociológico del poder y la soberanía. En segundo lugar, una vez avanzada una crítica de las representaciones políticas que niegan el carácter sustantivo del pueblo soberano, se estudia el modo en que ambos formulan una propuesta metodológica alternativa. Aquí se prestará especial atención al modo en que la elaboración schmittiana incorpora, en un contexto de crisis de las formas liberales, una reelaboración de la crítica de Rousseau. (shrink)

The objective of this research is to analyse the ethical problems of Community-Based Tourism. CBT is a novel form of tourism that has appeared in recent decades in different parts of the world, especially in areas with large indigenous populations. The investigations until now have primarily highlighted the virtues of this type of tourism, and the few criticisms that have appeared against cbt were related to its functional shortcomings and the benefits that sometimes do not reach the communities. While the (...) ethical complications associated with the cbt have not gone unnoticed, in this article we address some ethical problems of the cbt that have not received as much attention so far —such as those related to the field of indigenous ethics—, that demand a deep reflection on the commercial use of communities. (shrink)